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当前西方的民粹主义研究者放弃了传统理论左右二分的模式，而采用“威权民粹主义（AP）”这一概念，并积极引入法兰克福学派的批判理论来分析民粹主义中的威权政治因素，探究民粹主义滑向暴力运动与极权的根源。通过对西方社会现实的考察可以发现，在造成威权民粹主义的原因中，除政治经济环境外，心理—文化因素以及信息技术等也发挥了重要作用。西方学者认为，应当警惕民粹主义中的威权因素与极端倾向，遏制其对全球民主的腐蚀，并尝试将其吸收、纳入到西方传统政治框架之中。然而，这些理论愿景正面临着诸多现实阻碍。
Abstract：Current populist researchers in the West have abandoned the traditional left-right dichotomy of theory,and many scholars are adopting the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, in order to gain insight into how populism turns to violent campaigns and authoritarianism. An examination of Western social realities reveals that that beyond economic and political reasons, psychological and cultural factors, along with the effects of information technology,all have played their important role in leading to authoritarian populism. Western scholars assume that authoritarian factors and extremist tendencies of populism should be guarded against, its corrosion of global democracy should be curbed, and these extreme ideologies should be absorbed and integrated into the traditional Western political frame.However, there are many practical obstacles in achieving these theoretical visions.
[1]吴鑫.法兰克福学派权威批判研究[D].上海：复旦大学，2020.
[2]Benjamin I. Page, Martin Gilens. Democracy in America? What Has Gone Wrong and What We Can Do About It?[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2017.
[3]Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, et al. The Oxford Handbook of Populism[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2017.
[4]David C. Barker, Ryan DeTamble. American Populism:Dimensions, Distinctions, and Correlates[J].Global Public Policy and Governance. 2022,(2).
[5][美]西奥多·W.阿道诺.权力主义人格[M].李维，译.杭州：浙江教育出版社，2002.
[6]Pippa Norris, Inglehart Ronald. Cultural Backlash:Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2019.
[7]Hannah Arendt. The Origins of Totalitarianism[M]. New York:Harcourt Brace, 1973.
[8]Douglas Kellner. American Nightmare:Donald Trump, Media Spectacle, and Authoritarian Populism[M]. Rotterdam:Sense Publishers, 2016.
[9][美]约迪·迪安（Jodi Dean）.数字资本主义与政治主体[J].张可旺，译.国外理论动态，2021,(1)
[10]James Dale Davidson, William Rees-Mogg.Sovereign Individual:Mastering the Transition to the Information Age[M]. New York:Simon&Schuster, 2020.
[11]Barbara Walter. How Civil Wars Start:and How to Stop Them[M]. New York:Crown Books, 2022.
[12]Jeremiah Morelock. Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism[M]. London:University of Westminster Press, 2018.
[13]David H. Kamens.The New American Creed:The Eclipse of Citizenship and Rise of Populism[M].Stanford:Stanford University Press, 2019.
[14]Anne Munro-Kua. Authoritarian Populismin Malaysia[M]. London:Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.
[15]Suzanne Mettler, et al. Democratic Vulnerabilities and Pathways for Reform[J]. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,2022,(1).
[16]Dalibor Rohac, et al. Drivers of Authoritarian Populism in the United States:A Primer[EB/OL]. https://www.americanprogress.org.
(1)TAP:Timbro Authoritarian Populism Index.
(2)该调查数据自2019年之后停止更新，因此2020年至今的数据暂缺。
(3)详细数据与报告可见TAP官网：https://populismindex.com.
(1)非洲基本运动（African Basic Movement）；人民革命运动（The People's Revolutionary Movement）；“黑人第一、土地优先”（Black First,Land First）。
(2)Shawn Hattingh.What is authoritarian populism and why should it be combatted?2019.Available at:https://www.pambazuka.org.
(3)Anne Munro-Kua,Authoritarian Populismin Malaysia.London:Palgrave Macmillan,1996.
(4)Douglas Kellner,American Nightmare:Donald Trump,Media Spectacle,and Authoritarian Populism.Rotterdam:Sense Publishers,2016.
(5)Jeremiah Morelock,Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism.London:University of Westminster Press,2018.
(6) Ivor Crewe&David Sanders,Authoritarian Populism and Liberal Democracy.Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,2020.
(7) Stephanie Stanley,The Tea Party and Occupy Movements:Populism and Protest[D].Portland State University,2012.
(1) Inglehart Ronald&Pippa Norris.Trump,Brexit,and the Rise of Populism:Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash.AARN:Political Organization (Topic),2016.
(2)Dalibor Rohac et al.Drivers of Authoritarian Populism in the United States:A Primer.Available at:https://www.americanprogress.org.
(3) Zsolt Darvas&Konstantinos Efstathio,Income inequality boosted Trump vote.2016.Available at:https://www.bruegel.org/.
(1)Arthur Brooks,The Dignity Deficit:Reclaiming Americans'Sense of Purpose.2017.Available at:https://www.foreignaffairs.com/.
(2)数据统计为2018年，见WIA官网（https://www.wiareport.com/）。
(1)数据来自美国国家经济研究局官网（https://www.nber.org）。
(2)Adam Bonica et al.Why Hasn't Democracy Slowed Rising Inequality?Journal of Economic Perspectives.2013
(3) pp.103-124.
(3)Kay Schlozman et al.The Unheavenly Chorus:Unequal Political Voice and the Broken Promise of American Democracy.Princeton:Princeton University Press,2012,p587.
(4)数据见该机构网站（https://www.opensecrets.org/）。
(1)Abbas Alizadeh.The Rise of Authoritarian Populism.2021.Available at:https://www.researchgate.net.
(1)Jeremiah Morelock.Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism.London:University of Westminster Press,2018.p108.
(2) Diana C.Mutz.Status threat,not economic hardship,explains the 2016 presidential vote.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.2018(4).
(3) Douglas Kellner.American Nightmare:Donald Trump,Media Spectacle,and Authoritarian Populism.Rotterdam:Sense Publishers,2016.p23.
(4)数据来自PRRI网站：https://www.prri.org.
(5)《权威人格》中使用了量表研究法，如民族中心主义量表（E量表）、法西斯主义量表（F量表）等，其中F量表在心理学相关领域，以及当前美国学者关于民粹主义的研究中被广泛提及。
(1)Samuel de Paiva Pires.Brexit,the Rise of China,and the Future of the Liberal International Order and Great Power Competition.Society,2022(5)pp747-758.
(2)特朗普2016年在艾奥瓦州的一次活动中如是说。
(1)The Social Dilemma(2020)dir.Jeff Orlowski,USA.
(1)数据见皮尤中心官网（http://www.pewresearch.org）。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13660/j.cnki.42-1112/c.016363
中图分类号:D082
引用信息:
[1]吴鑫.批判视域中的威权民粹主义[J].湖北社会科学,2024,No.451(07):47-59.DOI:10.13660/j.cnki.42-1112/c.016363.
基金信息:
国家社科基金西部项目“人类文明新形态对马克思主义文明观的原创性贡献研究”（22XKS024）的阶段性成果